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The discovery of polyethylene terephthalate is credited to employees of the Calico Printers' Association in the UK rein 1941; it welches licensed to DuPont for the US and ICI otherwise, and as one of the few plastics appropriate as a replacement for glass in many circumstances, resulting hinein widespread use for bottles in Europe.

Additives may Beryllium weakly bound to the polymers or react in the polymer matrix. Although additives are blended into plastic they remain chemically distinct from it, and can gradually leach back out during gewöhnlich use, when rein landfills, or following improper disposal hinein the environment.[36] Additives may also degrade to form other toxic molecules. Plastic fragmentation into microplastics and nanoplastics can allow chemical additives to move in the environment far from the point of use.

Organic light emitting diode – Diode that emits light from an organic compoundPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

Plastic compounding scheme for a thermosoftening material Plastic is not sold as a pure unadulterated substance, but is instead mixed with various chemicals and other materials, which are collectively known as additives. These are added during the compounding stage and include substances such as stabilizers, plasticizers and dyes, which are intended to improve the lifespan, workability or appearance of the final Element.

A recent study found brominated dioxins as unintentional contaminants rein toys made from recycled plastic electronic waste that contained brominated flame retardants. Brominated dioxins have been found to exhibit toxicity similar to that of chlorinated dioxins. They can have negative developmental effects and negative effects on the nervous Organismus and interfere with mechanisms of the endocrine Anlage.[2]

A literature study made hinein 2022 by geologist student Björn Lycke shows that the amount of microplastics in sediment is increasing worldwide, especially hinein ports and tourist beaches.[82]

The success and dominance of website plastics starting hinein the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition rate hinein natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured in landfills or persisting hinein the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics.

Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.

Plasticity also has a technical definition hinein materials science outside the scope of this article referring to the non-reversible change rein form of solid substances.

To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups called side chains hang from this backbone; they are usually hung from the monomers before the monomers themselves are linked together to form the polymer chain. The structure of these side chains influences the properties of the polymer.

Almost all recycling is mechanical and involves the melting and reforming of plastic into other items. This can cause polymer degradation at the molecular level, and requires that waste be sorted by colour and polymer type before processing, which is often complicated and expensive.

In the plastic-polluted waters of the Sargasso Sea, bacteria have been found that consume various types of plastic; however, it is unknown to what extent these bacteria effectively clean up poisons rather than simply release them into the marine microbial ecosystem.

It has been advocated since the early 1970s,[118] but due to economic and technical challenges, did not impact the management of plastic waste to any significant extent until the late 1980s. The plastics industry has been criticised for lobbying for Expansive phase of recycling programmes, even while research showed that most plastic could not Beryllium economically recycled.

Additives are chemicals blended into plastics to change their performance or appearance, making it possible to lebensalter the properties of plastics to better suit their intended applications.[31][32] Additives are therefore one of the reasons why plastic is used so widely.